A History of General Assembly Record Keeping
Is the Preservation - and lack of - Church Records anything new ? Well, apparently not !
The first actual recorded major "loss" of church records we can find occurred at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. - over 2,000 years ago!
"The same supremacy which 'claimed' the right of tolerating Christianity, then 'assumed' the power of witholding it. [The Roman Emperor] Diocletian, yielding to his son's superstitious fears, and the persuasions of others, ordered the magnificent church of Nicodemia to be destroyed, and then issued three successive edicts against the Christians. These were finally followed by a fourth, in the year 304 A.D., by which all Christians, without exception, were forced to worship the images of the Roman gods. The churches in general were ordered to be demolished, the assemblies for religious worship were prohibited upon pain of death, and church property confiscated. Christians were commanded, under severe penalties, to deliver up their books and sacred writings to the magistrates to be burnt.... Persecution reigned, and continued more of less till [The Roman Emperor] Constantine's influence preponderated in the empire." (source : "The Scottish Presbyterian" Sept 1848)
As early as 1616 (almost 400 years ago), the General Assembly of The Church of Scotland became concerned at the lack of proper record-keeping within Parishes of Baptismal Registers, and made the following rather threatening pronouncement :
"Every minister have ane perfect and formall register, quherein he sall have registrat the particular of every baptisme of every infant within his paroche, and quha wer witness thereto,.... and that they have the same to be in readiness to be presentit be every ane at their next Synod Assemblie, under the paine of suspension of the minister, not fulfilling the same, from his ministry." (1616)
In 1703, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland passed the following Act relating to the preservation of their records :
"Eadem Sessione - Act for supplying and preserving
the Registers and Papers belonging to the General Assemblies, Committees,
and Commissions thereof :
The General Assembly, taking into consideration
the great loss the Church has sustained by the burning of several of their
registers and some papers, in that dreadful fire which happened in the
Lawnmarket of Edinburgh, upon the 28th day of October 1701, do, for the
making up of that loss, as far as may be, and for the better preservation
of their registers in
time coming, enact and appoint that there be
two authenticated copies thereof, both subscribed by the Moderator and Clerk, one copy whereof to lie in the Clerk's
custody, and the other copy to be sealed, and laid in some secure place
in
the New Church of Edinburgh, or where the General
Assembly or Commission shall appoint.... And recommends to
such persons as have any of the old registers
or papers belonging to the General Assembly, Commissions or Committees
therof, in their custody, to deliver up the same to the Clerk of the Assembly,
to be by him kept for the public use of the
Church; and that Ministers and Presbyteries be
at pains in dealing with persons to that effect; and it is recommended
to
the Commission to gratify those who shall bring
in to their Clerk any of the papers or registers foresaid, as they shall
find
such persons deserve." (1703)
The Loss of the Great Booke of the Universall Kirk :
Later, in 1733, the Church of Scotland commenced negotiations to reclaim that most important record of its history and inception from the time of John Knox, being the "Booke of the Universall Kirk" which contained the written minutes of the first General Assembly meetings from 1560 to 1616. Through a variety of unfortunate circumstances, including religious and political turmoil, this record had been "surreptitiously purloined" by persons who had no right to its ownership. In about 1733, the then current 'holder', failing in a bid to extract a large sum of money from the Church of Scotland together with humiliating conditions for its return, entered into a Deed of Trust agreement with Sion College in London to hand over the record to them upon strict conditions of future usage and access. That he was not the rightful owner of this record appears not to have been seriously considered. This had the effect of detaining these records from their rightful owners for nearly a century.
In 1822, the Church of Scotland "Committee upon the Manuscripts belonging to the Church", being convened as early as 1820 to gather together historic and valuable Church documents, was charged with the responsibility of endeavouring to obtain the restitution of the "Booke of the Universalle Kirk" to its rightful owner.
"The hardship is deeply felt by all members of the Church of Scotland, who are aware of the importance of these books, not merely as the only sure and satisfactory memorials of the course of Ecclesiastical affairs in the times succeeding the Reformation, but also because they are capable of shedding additional light on a most interesting and instructive period of our Civil history" (1828)
Negotiations with Sion College continued until
1834 by which time a petition had been delivered to Parliament and the
assistance of the Lord Bishop of London had been requested. The trustees
of Sion College were in fact constrained by
the terms of the original deed of trust document
to which they were legally bound to uphold. By 1834, when the near
prospect of reclaiming these records appeared
imminent, they were ordered to be produced by a Committee of the House
of Commons in connection with an investigation
into Church Patronage. Whilst in the care of the Clerks of the Committee,
they perished in that great conflagration which consumed the Houses of
Parliament by fire on the 16th October 1834.
With at least a small measure of luck, a transcript
had been made in 1839 of the content of the books from 1560 to 1602, while
some excerpts survive for the later period to 1616.
Elements of these interesting but also very poignant stories have been repeated with countless NZ Church Committee and Parish records which have also been "surreptitiously purloined" into private hands, never recorded in the first place, disposed of as 'worthless' old records or sold by private individuals as 'valuable' old records, destroyed by fire or the ravages of time, and damaged by inappropriate handling and inadequate storage.
Is this the heritage you wish to leave for future generations ?
The History of General Assembly Record Keeping in New Zealand :
The details below are merely a brief overview and the extent of missing General Assembly Committee records is actually quite large overall.
Communications Department -
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Foreign Missions Committee -
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Life & Work Committee - |
Manawatu Maori Mission -
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Maori & Home Mission Committees -
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Maori Synod -
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Missions Committee -
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New Life Committee -
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Publicity Committee -
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Miscellaneous Items -
Despite being set aside for preservation in 1956 by the Director of Broadcasting at their archives in Timaru, and after an exhaustive search (in Nov 2006), the following sound recordings can no longer be found:
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